Entangled Work, Recursion, and the Confusion Tax by Stefan Norrvall.

Most leaders can distinguish Run / Serve / Change as three types of work. The harder (and more expensive) problem is recursion: Run / Serve / Change exists at every level of the organisation, and overload shows up when roles are forced to carry Run at one recursion while simultaneously carrying Serve or Change at another.

In this session, Stefan Norrvall will build on the lived experience explored in Richard Claydon’s last dialogue and show the structural mechanism behind it: how missing integration (Serve-as-structure), unclear boundary rules, and “permission by default” governance create escalation, translation work, and shadow coordination — the Confusion Tax.

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Stefan Norrvall helps organisations reduce the unnecessary load created by their own design; the meetings, escalation loops, and rework that appear when boundaries and decision rights aren’t explicit. He’s known for the “Confusion Tax” concept and for translating organisational theory into practical structural diagnostics leaders can act on quickly.